一、浸滲簡(jiǎn)介Introduction of impregnation

1、  什么是浸滲What is infiltration

浸滲又稱(chēng)含浸、浸透、滲透、浸漬英文單詞impregnution porous sealing是一種微孔（細(xì)縫）滲透密封工藝，將密封介質(zhì)（通常是低粘度液體）通過(guò)自然滲透（即微孔自吸）抽真空和加壓等方法滲入微孔（細(xì)縫）中，將縫隙充滿然后通過(guò)自然（室溫）冷卻或加熱的方法將縫隙里的密封介質(zhì)固定，達(dá)到密封縫隙的作用。
Impregnation, also known as leaching, soak, osmosis, dipping English word impregnution porous sealing is a kind of microporous thin seam permeability sealing process, the sealing medium (usually a low viscosity liquid) by natural penetration (i.e., microporous self-priming) vacuum and pressure infiltration microporous (crack), The gap is filled and then the sealing medium in the gap is fixed by natural (room temperature) cooling or heating method to achieve the role of sealing gap.

2、為什么要浸滲Why do you want to soak

氣孔出現(xiàn)在材料中是一種普遍存在的現(xiàn)象，特別是在壓鑄件及粉末冶金制造過(guò)程由于氣孔的殘留，晶體收縮等原因不可避免的形成大量微孔，砂眼，裂紋等，微孔滲漏會(huì)給機(jī)器設(shè)備的使用帶來(lái)隱患，即使用于無(wú)壓力要求的用途也可能因電鍍、噴漆及表面處理的電鍍液、酸液等進(jìn)入鑄件內(nèi)部導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部腐蝕，縮短了零件的使用壽命，因微孔的存在使表面噴漆，電鍍等形成氣泡或凹凸不平。而通過(guò)浸滲產(chǎn)品報(bào)廢幾乎為零，大大的節(jié)約成本充分利用有限資源，制造出的產(chǎn)品更加完美。
Pores appear in materials is a common phenomenon, especially in die casting and powder metallurgy manufacturing process due to the residual pores, crystal shrinkage and other reasons inevitably form a large number of micropores, trachoma, cracks, etc., micropore leakage will bring hidden dangers to the use of machinery and equipment. Even for applications without pressure requirements, electroplating solution and acid solution of electroplating, painting and surface treatment may enter the inner part of the casting, leading to internal corrosion, shortening the service life of the parts. Due to the existence of micropores, the surface painting, plating and other bubbles are formed or uneven. By leaching the product scrap is almost zero, greatly saving the cost, making full use of limited resources, and producing more perfect products.

3、浸滲的作用和目的The function and purpose of infiltration

A、賦予耐壓，密封機(jī)能

將含浸液填充到產(chǎn)品的微孔里起到密封作用。

B、賦予耐腐蝕機(jī)能

堵住相通或不相通的微孔，可以防止內(nèi)部腐蝕

C、合成處理的預(yù)處理

填充凹進(jìn)去的縫里面，可防止變色、腐蝕、剝膨脹

D、提高切削加工性能

充滿金屬內(nèi)部的浸滲液可起到潤(rùn)滑劑的作用使刀具壽命延長(zhǎng)，降低機(jī)加工成本。

E、提高物理強(qiáng)度

浸滲液充滿并堵住了微孔內(nèi)部縫隙減小，物理強(qiáng)度得到提高，可以使產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)薄壁化

F、提高絕緣性

堵住內(nèi)部空洞 ，可以提高保護(hù)作用的電阻值

A, endowed with pressure resistance, sealing function

Fill the micropores of the product with the immersion solution to seal the product.

B, endowed with corrosion resistance function

Internal corrosion can be prevented by blocking the connected or not connected microholes

C. Pretreatment of synthetic processing

Fill the concave seam inside, can prevent discoloration, corrosion, stripping expansion

D, improve the performance of cutting

The immersion fluid filled with metal acts as a lubricant to extend tool life and reduce machining costs.

E. Improve physical strength

The infiltration solution filled and blocked the micropore internal gap is reduced, the physical strength is improved, and the product design can be thin-walled

F. Improve insulation

By plugging the internal cavity, the protective resistance value can be increased

4、浸滲的意義The significance of infiltration

最大限度的充分利用有限的資源，變廢為寶，節(jié)約社會(huì)能源,保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。

Make full use of limited resources to the maximum extent, turn waste into treasure, save social energy, protect the natural environment.

二.浸滲技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍The scope of application of infiltration technology

1、鑄件的浸滲 Infiltration of castings
    鑄件的浸滲最主要的功效是密封防漏，以使它能用于液壓系統(tǒng)和燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)中。例如汽車(chē)和拖拉機(jī)變速箱體、燃油泵、液壓閥、化油器、油缸、壓縮機(jī)和液壓部件、密閉的飛機(jī)儀器及其電子儀器護(hù)罩、氣動(dòng)零件和各種氣動(dòng)儀表等。
    鑄件浸滲還可防止其內(nèi)腐蝕，提高產(chǎn)量。眾所周知，鑄件的內(nèi)腐蝕往往是從微孔中開(kāi)始的，當(dāng)微孔被浸滲劑充滿，待其固化后，就能防止腐蝕性液體的浸入，起防腐蝕的作用。 
    此外，鑄件浸滲也可為電鍍、油漆等表面處理作準(zhǔn)備，由于浸滲劑填充了鑄件中的空隙，避免了這些空隙吸收電鍍液，鍍后造成氣泡和不光潔表面。 
    浸滲可作為鑄件、壓鑄件經(jīng)常存在的疏松和微孔等缺陷補(bǔ)救措施，也促進(jìn)了鑄件產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的薄壁化、輕型化，節(jié)省了材料的消耗。

The main effect of casting infiltration is to seal and prevent leakage so that it can be used in hydraulic and gas systems. For example, automobile and tractor gearbox, fuel pump, hydraulic valve, carburetor, cylinder, compressor and hydraulic components, closed aircraft instruments and electronic instruments, pneumatic parts and various pneumatic instruments, etc.

Castings infiltration can also prevent internal corrosion and improve production. As we all know, the internal corrosion of castings often starts from the micropores, when the micropores are filled with infiltration agent, to be cured, it can prevent the immersion of corrosive liquid, play the role of corrosion prevention.

In addition, the casting infiltration can also be prepared for plating, paint and other surface treatment, because the infiltration agent fills the gap in the casting, to avoid these gaps to absorb electroplating solution, resulting in bubbles and uneven surface after plating.

Infiltration can be used as a remedy for the defects of casting and die casting, such as porosity and microporosity, and also promote the thin-walled and light design of casting products, and save the consumption of materials.

2、粉末冶金件的浸滲 Leaching of powder metallurgy parts
    粉末冶金材料有著優(yōu)異性能，所以汽車(chē)、拖拉機(jī)上用的襯套件、氣門(mén)導(dǎo)管、齒輪、凸輪、軸瓦、離合器摩擦片、電熱元件、熱交換器、切削刀具、工模具和一些耐腐蝕、高溫抗氧化及耐高溫零件等目前均廣泛采用粉末冶金材料制造。
    粉末冶金件是用金屬粉末（或金屬與非金屬粉末的混合物）做原料，壓制成型后燒結(jié)而制成各種類(lèi)型的工件。粉末冶金件的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)部存在著包括粉末金屬顆粒之間細(xì)小氣隙在內(nèi)的許多孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)（約占整個(gè)工件體積的15%），既使是高密度的粉末冶金件，這種孔隙依然存在。因此，粉末冶金件是不能保存液體的。粉末冶金件的浸滲處理可使其內(nèi)孔隙完全被浸滲劑填充而達(dá)到永久性密封，從而可將它用于液壓系統(tǒng)中,例如可將它制造精密的油泵配件、壓縮機(jī)殼體等。 
    此外，粉末冶金件在電鍍或其他表面涂層處理之前如經(jīng)浸滲處理，電鍍液和清洗劑便不會(huì)吸進(jìn)孔隙中去，可獲得表面光潔和耐腐蝕的工件。
    必須指出，粉末冶金件應(yīng)在燒結(jié)之后立即進(jìn)行浸滲處理，因這時(shí)孔隙是潔凈的，易被浸滲劑完全填充。浸滲后的粉末冶金件還可改善其切削加工性能（微孔經(jīng)填充后刀具將由間斷切削變成連續(xù)切削）便于工藝過(guò)程的控制。

Powder metallurgy material with excellent performance, so the lining suite of automobiles, tractors, valve guide, gear, CAM, bearings, clutch friction plate, electric heating element, heat exchanger, cutting tool, work mould and some corrosion resistant, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature parts are widely used in powder metallurgy materials.

Powder metallurgy parts are made of metal powder (or a mixture of metal and non-metal powder) as raw materials, pressed into shape after sintering and made into various types of workpiece. P/M parts are characterized by the existence of a network of pores (about 15% of the total volume), including small air gaps between powder and metal particles. Such pores still exist even in high density P/M parts. Therefore, P/M parts cannot preserve liquids. The infiltration treatment of P/M parts can make the inner pores completely filled with infiltration agent and achieve a permanent seal, so that it can be used in hydraulic systems, such as it can be made of precision oil pump accessories, compressor housing.

In addition, powder metallurgy parts before plating or other surface coating treatment, such as leaching treatment, bath and cleaning agents will not be sucked into the pores, can obtain a smooth surface and corrosion resistant workpiece.

It must be pointed out that the P/M parts should be leached immediately after sintering because the pores are clean and easy to be filled completely by the leach agent. The cutting performance of the P/M parts after infiltration can also be improved (the cutting tool will change from interrupted cutting to continuous cutting after filling the microhole) to facilitate the control of the technological process.

3、電子器件的浸滲 Infiltration of electronic devices
    變壓器、電容器和電機(jī)等電器件的浸滲，可增加它們的介電性能和絕緣性能。例如電機(jī)的定子與殼體裝配后的組件，經(jīng)浸滲使其形成一個(gè)單一的整體，浸滲后微孔得以密封，并增加一定的強(qiáng)度和散熱效果，解決了電機(jī)由于振動(dòng)而降低的絕緣性能，同時(shí)浸滲后的電機(jī)在潮濕環(huán)境下仍能保持良好的絕緣性能，提高電機(jī)的可靠性和使用壽命。
The infiltration of electrical components such as transformers, capacitors and motors can increase their dielectric properties and insulation properties. For example, the motor stator and shell assembly components, after the impregnation, form a single whole microporous to seal after impregnation, and increase the strength and heat dissipation effect, solved the insulation of the motor due to the vibration reducing performance, at the same time after the impregnation of motor in damp environment can still keep good insulation performance, improve the reliability and service life of the motor.

4、非金屬件的浸滲 Infiltration of non-metallic parts
    非金屬材料，如木材（枕木、電線桿等）、陶瓷和纖維塑料合成材料，采用浸滲處理可延長(zhǎng)使用壽命并提高它們的防水性。例如，大型計(jì)算機(jī)的冷卻系統(tǒng)零件一般都用玻璃鋼加強(qiáng)塑料制造，浸滲可使其得到有效的密封，從而可防止液體通過(guò)微細(xì)的加強(qiáng)纖維為通道而發(fā)生滲漏。 
    由上可知，浸滲技術(shù)在機(jī)電產(chǎn)品和多孔性材質(zhì)件的密封中，有著廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍。

Non-metallic materials, such as wood (ties, telephone poles, etc.), ceramics and fibre-plastic composites, can be treated with infiltration to extend their service life and improve their water resistance. For EXAMPLE, THE COOLING SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF LARGE COMPUTERS ARE USUALLY MADE OF FRP REINFORCED PLASTICS, which can be effectively sealed by infiltration, thus preventing the leakage of liquids through the fine reinforced fibers as channels.

It can be seen from above that infiltration technology has a wide range of applications in the sealing of mechanical and electrical products and porous material parts.